Make Your Own Outdoor Fireplace – Fireplace Guide by Chris

Creating your outdoor fireplace is an excellent way to enhance your backyard or patio, providing a cozy space for gathering with friends and family, or simply relaxing by a warm fire on a cool evening. Building an outdoor fireplace requires careful planning, the right materials, and attention to detail to ensure it is both safe and functional. Let me walk you through the process of designing, constructing, and maintaining your outdoor fireplace, as well as offer some tips on common mistakes to avoid.

Planning Your Outdoor Fireplace

Choosing the Right Location

When planning your outdoor fireplace, selecting the right location is the first and most crucial step. The location will impact not only the aesthetic appeal of your backyard but also the functionality and safety of the fireplace. Ideally, your outdoor fireplace should be placed in a spot that provides a natural focal point for your outdoor living area. Consider how the fireplace will fit into the overall layout of your backyard, and think about factors such as wind direction, proximity to your home or other structures, and access to seating areas.

Considering Local Regulations and Permits

Before you start building, it’s essential to check with your local building department to determine whether you need permits or have to comply with specific regulations. Some areas have strict rules about where you can place an outdoor fireplace, how tall it can be, and what materials you can use. For example, there may be restrictions on how close the fireplace can be to your home or property lines. Failure to comply with these regulations can result in fines, or you may be required to modify or remove the fireplace after it’s built.

Designing Your Fireplace

The design of your outdoor fireplace should reflect both your style and the overall aesthetic of your outdoor space. There are countless design options to choose from, ranging from simple, rustic stone fireplaces to more elaborate, modern designs with built-in seating and storage. When designing your fireplace, consider factors such as the size and scale of the structure, the materials you want to use, and any additional features you might want to include, such as a pizza oven or grill. Sketching out a detailed plan or working with a professional designer can help you visualize the final product and ensure everything comes together seamlessly.

Selecting the Right Materials

The materials you choose for your outdoor fireplace will have a significant impact on both its appearance and durability. Common materials for outdoor fireplaces include brick, natural stone, concrete, and metal. Each material has its advantages and drawbacks. For example, natural stone offers a timeless, rustic look and is highly durable, but it can be more expensive and difficult to work with than other materials. Brick is another popular choice, offering a classic look that can be easily customized with different colors and patterns. Concrete is versatile and cost-effective, making it a good option for more modern designs, while metal can be used for sleek, contemporary fireplaces.

Budgeting for Your Project

Building an outdoor fireplace can be a significant investment, so it’s important to set a realistic budget before you begin. The cost of your project will depend on several factors, including the size and complexity of the design, the materials you choose, and whether you plan to hire professionals for any part of the construction. On average, you can expect to spend anywhere from a few hundred to several thousand dollars on an outdoor fireplace, depending on the scope of the project. Be sure to account for any additional costs, such as permits, tools, and landscaping around the fireplace, to avoid any surprises later on.

Deciding Whether to DIY or Hire a Professional

One of the biggest decisions you’ll need to make when planning your outdoor fireplace is whether to tackle the project yourself or hire a professional. Building an outdoor fireplace can be a rewarding DIY project if you have the necessary skills and experience, but it’s also a complex undertaking that requires careful planning and execution. If you’re not confident in your abilities or if the design is particularly intricate, it may be worth hiring a professional mason or contractor to ensure the job is done right. On the other hand, if you’re up for the challenge, building the fireplace yourself can save money and give you a great sense of accomplishment.

Building the Foundation

Preparing the Site

Before you can start building your outdoor fireplace, you’ll need to prepare the site. This involves clearing the area of any vegetation, debris, or existing structures, and ensuring the ground is level. It’s important to have a solid, stable base for your fireplace, so take the time to properly level and compact the soil. Depending on the size and design of your fireplace, you may also need to excavate a shallow area to accommodate the foundation. Be sure to mark out the exact dimensions of the fireplace on the ground to guide your excavation and ensure everything is square and level.

Laying the Footing

The footing is the most critical part of the foundation, providing a stable base that will support the weight of the fireplace. To build the footing, you’ll need to create a form using wooden boards, which will hold the concrete in place as it cures. The footing should be at least 6 to 12 inches deep, depending on the size of the fireplace and the soil conditions in your area. Once the form is in place, mix and pour the concrete, ensuring it is evenly distributed and free of air pockets. After pouring, smooth the surface of the concrete and allow it to cure for at least 24 hours before proceeding with the rest of the construction.

Installing Reinforcement

For larger fireplaces, especially those made of heavy materials like stone or brick, it’s essential to reinforce the footing with steel rebar. This will provide additional strength and prevent the footing from cracking or shifting over time. To install the rebar, place it horizontally and vertically within the form, securing it with wire ties to create a grid pattern. Make sure the rebar is properly spaced and positioned so that it is fully encased in concrete when the footing is poured. The added reinforcement will help ensure that your fireplace remains stable and secure for years to come.

Building the Concrete Slab

Once the footing is in place and fully cured, the next step is to build the concrete slab that will serve as the base for the fireplace. The slab should be at least 4 to 6 inches thick and extend beyond the edges of the fireplace by a few inches on all sides. To build the slab, construct a form using wooden boards, similar to the footing. Pour the concrete into the form, smoothing it out with a trowel to create a flat, level surface. Allow the slab to cure for at least 48 hours before proceeding with the construction of the fireplace structure.

Waterproofing the Foundation

To protect your outdoor fireplace from moisture damage, it’s important to waterproof the foundation before you begin building the structure. This can be done by applying a waterproofing membrane or coating to the concrete slab. This barrier will help prevent water from seeping into the concrete, which can cause cracks and weaken the foundation over time. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for applying the waterproofing material and allow it to fully dry before proceeding with construction.

Inspecting the Foundation

Before moving on to the construction of the fireplace structure, take the time to inspect the foundation to ensure it is level, stable, and properly cured. Use a level to check that the slab is even, and look for any signs of cracks or damage in the concrete. If you notice any issues, address them before continuing with the build. A solid, well-constructed foundation is crucial to the overall stability and longevity of your outdoor fireplace, so don’t rush through this step.

Constructing the Fireplace Structure

Building the Firebox

The firebox is the heart of your outdoor fireplace, where the fire will burn and generate heat. Constructing the firebox requires precision and the right materials to ensure it is safe and efficient. Firebrick is the best material for the firebox because it can withstand high temperatures and will help radiate heat into the surrounding area. Begin by laying a bed of mortar on the concrete slab, then carefully stack the firebrick in a rectangular shape, ensuring each brick is level and evenly spaced. The interior of the firebox should be lined with refractory mortar, which is designed to withstand extreme heat.

Constructing the Smoke Chamber

Above the firebox, you’ll need to construct a smoke chamber, which helps direct the smoke and gases from the fire up into the chimney. The smoke chamber should taper inward as it rises, creating a funnel-like shape that efficiently channels the smoke. Use firebrick and refractory mortar to build the smoke chamber, ensuring it is properly aligned with the firebox. It’s important to maintain a smooth, even surface inside the smoke chamber to prevent turbulence and ensure proper draft.

Building the Chimney

The chimney is a crucial component of your outdoor fireplace, as it provides the necessary draft to keep the fire burning and directs smoke away from your outdoor living area. When building the chimney, use the same materials as the rest of the fireplace, such as brick or stone, to ensure a cohesive look. The chimney should be at least 2 feet higher than any surrounding structures to ensure proper airflow. As you build the chimney, be sure to include a flue liner, which helps protect the masonry from heat and corrosion and ensures a smooth, unobstructed path for the smoke to escape.

Adding Decorative Elements

Once the basic structure of your outdoor fireplace is complete, you can start adding decorative elements to enhance its appearance. This might include stone or brick veneers, decorative caps for the chimney, or custom mantels and hearths. When choosing decorative elements, consider how they will complement the overall design of your outdoor space. For a rustic look, consider using natural stone or reclaimed brick, while sleek, modern fireplaces might benefit from smooth concrete or metal accents. Adding decorative elements can also help tie the fireplace into other features of your outdoor living area, such as patios, walkways, or gardens.

Installing a Hearth and Mantel

The hearth and mantel are both functional and decorative components of your outdoor fireplace. The hearth provides a safe, non-combustible surface in front of the firebox, while the mantel offers a place to display decorative items or even hang outdoor lighting. To build the hearth, use fire-resistant materials such as stone or brick, and ensure it is large enough to protect the surrounding area from sparks or embers. The mantel can be made from a variety of materials, including wood, stone, or metal, depending on the style of your fireplace. Be sure to secure the mantel firmly to the fireplace structure to prevent it from shifting or becoming unstable.

Final Touches and Inspection

Before you consider your outdoor fireplace project complete, take the time to inspect the entire structure to ensure it is safe, functional, and visually appealing. Check that all mortar joints are properly sealed, the chimney is clear and unobstructed, and the firebox is lined with refractory mortar. Light a small test fire to check for proper draft and airflow, and make any necessary adjustments. Once you’re satisfied that everything is in good working order, you can add final decorative touches, such as outdoor seating, lighting, or landscaping, to create a welcoming, cozy outdoor living space.

Adding Functional Features

Incorporating a Built-In Grill

One of the most popular functional features to add to an outdoor fireplace is a built-in grill. This allows you to cook and entertain at the same time, creating a versatile outdoor kitchen space. To incorporate a grill, you’ll need to design a dedicated area adjacent to the firebox, with a heat-resistant countertop for food preparation. The grill can be built into the masonry structure or installed as a standalone unit. Be sure to choose a high-quality, stainless steel grill that can withstand the elements and provide reliable performance for years to come.

Installing a Pizza Oven

Adding a pizza oven to your outdoor fireplace can take your outdoor cooking experience to the next level. Pizza ovens are typically constructed with firebrick and refractory mortar, similar to the firebox, and are designed to reach high temperatures for cooking pizzas, bread, and other baked goods. The pizza oven can be built directly above the firebox or as a separate unit adjacent to the fireplace. When designing the pizza oven, consider the size and shape of the cooking chamber, as well as any additional features you might want, such as a built-in thermometer or storage space for firewood and cooking tools.

Creating Seating Areas

To fully enjoy your outdoor fireplace, it’s important to create comfortable seating areas where you and your guests can relax and take in the warmth and ambiance of the fire. Consider arranging outdoor furniture, such as sofas, chairs, or benches, around the fireplace to create a cozy gathering spot. If space allows, you can also incorporate built-in seating, such as stone or brick benches, that blend seamlessly with the fireplace structure. Be sure to position the seating at a safe distance from the fire to prevent accidents and ensure everyone can enjoy the warmth without being too close to the flames.

Adding Outdoor Lighting

Outdoor lighting is essential for creating a welcoming atmosphere around your fireplace and ensuring safety after dark. Consider installing a combination of task lighting, such as recessed lights or sconces, and ambient lighting, such as string lights or lanterns, to illuminate the area. Be sure to choose weather-resistant fixtures that can withstand the elements and provide adequate light for both cooking and entertaining. Additionally, consider adding dimmable lights or solar-powered options for energy efficiency and flexibility in setting the mood.

Incorporating Storage Solutions

Storage is an important consideration when designing your outdoor fireplace, as it helps keep your outdoor living area organized and clutter-free. Built-in storage solutions, such as cabinets, shelves, or compartments, can be integrated into the fireplace structure to store firewood, cooking tools, or other outdoor essentials. If space is limited, consider using decorative containers or baskets to keep items neatly organized. Be sure to choose materials that are durable and weather-resistant to protect your belongings from the elements.

Installing a Firewood Holder

If you plan to burn wood in your outdoor fireplace, a firewood holder is a practical and convenient feature to include in your design. A built-in firewood holder can be incorporated into the masonry structure, providing a dedicated space for storing logs and keeping them dry and accessible. Alternatively, you can purchase a standalone firewood rack that complements the style of your fireplace. Be sure to position the firewood holder close enough to the firebox for easy access, but far enough away to prevent sparks or embers from reaching the wood.

Landscaping Around Your Fireplace

Designing a Cozy Outdoor Living Area

Your outdoor fireplace can serve as the centerpiece of a cozy, inviting outdoor living area. To create a welcoming space, consider adding features such as a patio, pergola, or outdoor rugs to define the area and make it feel like an extension of your home. Choose outdoor furniture that is comfortable and weather-resistant, and arrange it in a way that encourages conversation and relaxation. Adding soft furnishings, such as cushions and throws, can also help create a warm, cozy atmosphere around the fireplace.

Planting for Privacy and Aesthetics

Landscaping around your outdoor fireplace can enhance both privacy and aesthetics, creating a more intimate and visually appealing space. Consider planting trees, shrubs, or tall grasses around the perimeter of your outdoor living area to provide natural screening and block out unwanted views. You can also use plants to soften the hard edges of the fireplace and create a more organic, natural look. Choose plants that are well-suited to your climate and require minimal maintenance to keep your outdoor space looking beautiful year-round.

Creating a Pathway

A well-designed pathway can add both functionality and visual interest to your outdoor fireplace area. Consider using materials such as stone, brick, or gravel to create a path that leads from your home to the fireplace, providing a safe and attractive route for you and your guests. The pathway can be straight and formal or winding and natural, depending on the style of your outdoor space. Adding lighting along the pathway can also enhance safety and create a welcoming ambiance in the evening.

Incorporating Water Features

Water features, such as fountains, ponds, or waterfalls, can add a soothing, tranquil element to your outdoor fireplace area. The sound of running water can create a peaceful atmosphere, while the visual appeal of a water feature can enhance the overall design of your outdoor space. Consider positioning a water feature near the fireplace, where it can be enjoyed from your seating area, or incorporate a small fountain or pond into the landscaping around the fireplace. Be sure to choose a water feature that complements the style of your fireplace and outdoor space.

Using Outdoor Rugs and Textiles

Outdoor rugs and textiles can add warmth, color, and texture to your outdoor fireplace area, making it feel more like an extension of your indoor living space. Choose rugs that are designed for outdoor use, with materials that are resistant to moisture, fading, and mildew. Consider using rugs to define seating areas or add a pop of color to your outdoor space. You can also incorporate outdoor cushions, pillows, and throws to add comfort and style to your seating area, while also providing warmth on cooler evenings.

Incorporating Outdoor Art and Décor

Outdoor art and décor can add a personal touch to your fireplace area, making it feel more like your own. Consider adding sculptures, wind chimes, or wall art to enhance the visual appeal of your outdoor space. You can also use planters, lanterns, or candles to add ambiance and create a cozy, inviting atmosphere. When choosing outdoor décor, look for pieces that are durable and weather-resistant, and consider how they will complement the overall design of your fireplace and outdoor space.

Maintaining Your Outdoor Fireplace

Regular Cleaning and Inspection

Maintaining your outdoor fireplace is essential to ensure it remains safe, functional, and visually appealing. Regular cleaning and inspection should be part of your maintenance routine, especially if you use the fireplace frequently. Begin by removing any ashes or debris from the firebox after each use, and clean the chimney to prevent creosote buildup, which can pose a fire hazard. Inspect the structure for any signs of damage, such as cracks in the masonry or loose bricks, and address any issues promptly to prevent further deterioration.

Sealing and Protecting the Masonry

Sealing the masonry of your outdoor fireplace is an important step in protecting it from the elements and prolonging its lifespan. A quality masonry sealer can help prevent water infiltration, which can cause the masonry to crack or deteriorate over time. Apply the sealer according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and reapply it every few years or as needed. Additionally, consider covering your fireplace with a weather-resistant tarp or cover during the winter months to protect it from snow and ice.

Checking and Replacing Components

Over time, certain components of your outdoor fireplace, such as the firebrick, chimney cap, or flue liner, may need to be repaired or replaced. Regularly inspect these components for signs of wear or damage, and replace them as needed to ensure the fireplace operates safely and efficiently. If you notice any issues with the draft or airflow, it may be necessary to clean or repair the chimney or flue liner. Additionally, check the mortar joints for any signs of cracking or deterioration, and repair them as needed to prevent further damage.

Managing and Storing Firewood

If you burn wood in your outdoor fireplace, proper firewood management and storage are essential. Store firewood in a dry, well-ventilated area, preferably off the ground, to prevent moisture and pests from damaging the wood. Use seasoned hardwoods, such as oak or maple, for the best results, as these woods burn longer and produce less creosote than softwoods. Be sure to keep a supply of kindling and fire starters on hand to make lighting a fire easier and more efficient.

Addressing Weather-Related Issues

Outdoor fireplaces are exposed to the elements, so it’s important to address any weather-related issues promptly. After a heavy rain or snowstorm, check the fireplace for any signs of water damage, such as cracks or discoloration in the masonry. If you live in an area with freezing temperatures, be aware that water can freeze and expand in the masonry, causing cracks or other damage. Consider using a weatherproof cover to protect the fireplace during the winter months, and be sure to clean and inspect it regularly to catch any issues early.

Long-Term Care and Preservation

With proper care and maintenance, your outdoor fireplace can provide years of enjoyment. In addition to regular cleaning and inspections, consider scheduling a professional inspection every few years to ensure the fireplace is in good condition and operating safely. Keep an eye out for any signs of wear or damage, and address any issues promptly to prevent further deterioration. By taking the time to care for your outdoor fireplace, you can ensure it remains a beautiful and functional part of your outdoor living space for years to come.